Incubator



(No Model.) 4 sheets-sheen 2.

E. S. RBNW-IGK,

INGUBATOR. 1N0.-281,398. Patented July 1'7, 1888 2 A y Z l\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\{\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Y l al w @lx (No Model.) i i 4Sheets-Sheet 3. E. S. RENWIGK.

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- INGUBATOR. Y y No.2v81,398. Patented July 17, 1883.

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,u www `vvrmfisslas: i l INVENTOR:

UNITED' STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD s. EENwIoK, or MILLBEN, NEW JERSEY.

INCUBATVO R.

SPECFICATION forming part` of Letters Patent No. 281,398, dated July 17,1883.

' Application filed January 14,1882. (No model.)

ToaZZ whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, EDWARD SABINE REN'- WIGK, of Millburn, in the countyofEssex and State of New Jersey, have made an invention of certain newand useful Improvements in Incubators; and I do hereby declare vthat thefollowing, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, is afull,clear, and exact description and specification of the same.

The object of the present improvement is to simplify the construction ofincubators and improve their operation 5 and to these ends the inventionconsists of certain new and useful combinations of devices, which arerecited in the claims atthe close of this specification.

By a decision of the Commissioner of Patents a portion of my saidimprovements cannot be embraced in the same application with theresidue; hence the combinations recited at the close of thisspeciiication comprise one division of my invention, the other divisionthereof being set forth in a specication dated August 29, A. D. 1882. Inorder that these combinations may be understood, I have represented inthe accompanying drawings and will proceed to describe the best mode inwhich I have'embodied the same .for practical use, it being understoodthat the mode of embodying the improvements may be modified ascircumstances or the views of different constructers may renderexpedient.

Figure 1 of said drawings represents a front View of the incubator. Fig.2 represents an end view of the same. Fig. 3 represents a plan of thesame. Fig. 4 represents a transverse section of the incubator at theline x x of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 represents a central longitudinal section ofthe same. Fig. 6 represents a horizontal section of the incubator at theline yy of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 represents a similar section above the tops ofthe egg-holders or trays for eggs, and Fig. 9 is a plan of theheat-distributer. Fig. 8 and Figs. 10 to 17, inclusive, represent viewsof various portions of the incubator, Figs. 10 to 13 and 15 to 17 beingof halt` the working dimensions, and Fig.v 14 being of full size.

The incubator represented in the said drawings embodies improvementsrecited' in pre-` vious patents granted to me as well as those recitedin the claims at the close of this specication, A A being theVincubatingchamber; B B, the egg-holders in the form of drawers, fittedeither with rollers or with perforated bottoms cl, the heat-fines; I,the waste-heat chimneys 5 E E, the chimney-valves; G, theVentilating-chimney; K, the Ventilating-valve; J J, the air-supplypipes; M M, the watertrays, open at their tops 5 NN ,the water-founts, QQ, the water-basins, connected with the water-trays by tubes, and e ethe horizontal portions of the tlues.

In the present case the heat is supplied by means of two lamps, C G,with burners B, of the ordinary construction, for burning kerosene,and'both of these lamps are arranged at the same end of theincubatingchamber; but they are spread apart laterally, so as todistribute the heat to the front and rear of said chamber. If the heatis to be produced by gas, the lamps are to be replaced by gas-burners.Each lamp is supported by a lcounterpoised gallery, T, which permits itto be readily removed and replaced, and the shortchimney g of each lampslips over the lower end of the corresponding heat-lines, d. The head ofthe upright portion d of each heat-nue is enlarged in the form of arectangular box,- d, and is contained within a water-tray, M, from whichmoisture is supplied by evaporation. The horizontal portions c le ofthese heat-fines are preferably made broader as they extend from thewater-trays, and their delivery portions c are supported upon across-bar, e2, Figs. 5 and 6, and are brought together as represented inFig. 6, their adjacent ends being perforated for the vent-pipes a, Figs.5 and 6. The upright part d of each heat-flue is surrounded by anair-supply or Ventilating pipe, J, through which the air enters forventilation, the air being discharged from the said pipe into the upperpart of the incubating-chamber. The incoming supply of heated air forcesthat in the incubator downward through the egg-holders to the lower partof the incubating-chamber, whence it escapesV by lateral openings c c,Fig. 8, in the lower part of the partition b, Figs. 8 and 5, into thebase G .of the ventilating-chimney. The rate of ventilation iscontrolled by the Ventilating-valve K, which is fitted to a hole, K, inthe top of the incubator, which at this part constitutes a diaphragm inthe ven- IOO tilatingchimney. The Ventilating -valve is conical, ithaving the form of a hollow truncated cone, so that it tends to centeritself when dropped in the hole to which it is fitted, and it closes thehole only partially, the central opening, k', Fig. 10, of the Valvealways permitting some ventilation to take place.

In order that the draft of the Ventilatingchimney may be increasedwithout increasing its height, the vent-pipes a a of the heat-lines d ec' are arranged to deliver into the part of the Ventilating-ehimneyabove the Ventilatingvalve K, thus heating the air in said chimney andquickening its upward movement.

rlhe egg-holders of thel incubator consist of four drawers or trays, B BB B', of galvanized iron, tted to slide upon ways into and out of theincubating-chamber, the openings in the front and rear walls of saidchamber, through which the trays are inserted, being closed by shuttersD. Two of the said egg-holders are represented in Fig. 7 as fitted witha series of rollers for turning all the eggs simultaneously, asdescribed in a previous patent granted to me. The other two drawers arerepresented as without rollers. Each roller has pivots in its ends,which are fitted to turn in holes formed in horizontal bars f, Fig. 12,one arranged at the front of the egg-holder and one at its rear. Therollers are combined together by elastic driving belts or bands F',which are by preference of composite construction, each being composedof a strip of worsted braid, m, Figs. 11 and 12, or other flexiblematerial, (which need not be elastic,) and of an elastic metallicspring, m, by which the ends of the strip of flexible material areconnected. In this combination the metallic spring furnishes therequisite tension required of the band, while the flexible materialsupplies a broad frictional surface to act upon the surface of theroller. In practice I find it expedient to make the flexible strip longenough to be doubled around the two rollers, in which case one thicknessof the said material intervenes between the metallic spring and thesurfaces ofthe rollers. The last roller at each side of the draweris notcombined by a band with the other rollers, it bein g found by experience that the frictional contact of the eggs with it is sufiicient tocause it to turn simultaneously with the other rollers.

In order that the rollers may be turned by hand without the cost andinconvenience of extending one of their pivots through the wall of theegg-holder and applying a turning device at the outside of theegg-holder, one of the rollers is fitted with a turning device, P,secured directly upon its body, the most convenient position for thisturning device being with its middle at about the average length of anegg from the front of the drawer or tray. In this position the turningdevice is inside of the egg-holder, but can be readily turned frombeneath the egg-holder by hand, the egg-holder being previously partlywithdrawn from the incubating-chamber. The turning device which I preferto use is a iluted ring, as represented in the drawings; but it may beformed in other ways-as, for example, by the Aheads of a ring of tacksdriven into the roller.

The heat is supplied to the'eggs in the eggholders from above partly byradiation from the heat-fines c c and partly by the hot air forceddownward by the entering supply. As the lamps, or their equivalents, areapplied at one end only of the incubator, and no circulation of water isemployed to transmit the heat, the natural tendency is for the parts ofthe incubating-chamber nearest the heat-supply to become hotter than theparts farther therefrom. In order to counteract this tendency and toequalize the average temperature in the egg-holders, theheat-distributer R is interposed between the egg-holders B B/ and theheat-fines above them. This heat-distributer is made by preference of apoor conductor of heat-such, for example, as thick pasteboard-and it iscut to a form to suit the circumstances of the incubator to which it isapplied. Vhen the incubator has the arrangement of incubating-chamberand heat-ilues shown in the drawings, thev form of heat-distributerrepresented at Figs. 6 and 9 gives satisfactory results, the open spacesleft over the two egg -holders which are nearest the heat-supplypermitting the descent of air for ventilation. When the heat distributeris made of pasteboard, it is expedient to coat it with shellac varnishto protect it from lthe action of the moisture within the incubator.

The egg-holders B B are arranged in pairs back to back, with their backsseparated by a space which is wide enough to receive the thermostat S,which is placed between the eggholders, so that it is at the level ofthe eggholders, or thereabout, and is affected by substantially the samechanges of heat that ai'l'ect the eggs in the egg-holders, thus causingthe thermostat to be a more reliable indicator of such changes than itis when placed in the top of the incubating-chamber, or in a separatecompartment connected with that chamber.

rIlhe thermostat is constructed to operate by its tensive force. It iscomposed of a tensile strip of vulcanite (hard rubber) sustained by aframe. The expansive tensile strip of vnlcanite, s, in the incubatorrepresented in the drawings is about thirty-nine inches long. Ils frame(see more particularly Figs. 13, 14, 16, and 17 is made by preference oftwo bars, H, of dry wood, connected together by metallic mountings au.Each end ofthe frame carries alever. The lever V, at 011e end of theframe, is forked at its upper end to receive one end o.' the vuleanitestrip s, and is pivoted at its lower end to the metal mountingu. At anintermediate part of this lever there is a swiveling nut, 1v, to whichthe adjusting-screw IV is fitted, so that the lever V becomes anadjusting-lever by which the expansive tensile strip may be adjustedlongitudinally for use. rlhe stem oi' said screw XV is long enough topass through a hole in the adjacent end wall, a, Fig. 5, of theincubator, so that the head ol` the adjust- IOO IIO

v opposite end ofthe incubator and frame, is

ing-screw-isatthe exterior, 'where it may be Y convenientlyturned-without thev necessity of lopening the incubaton --The' lever-V,"at the used to transmit the motion caused by the expansion andcontraction of the expansile strip to the device to be controlled by it.Thisrmo; tion-transmitting lever V is of elbow form, and is pivoted tothe vadjacent metal mounting, and is connected at its vibrating-end witha second lever, V2, by means of a link, o. The end of the second lever,V2, is connected by a rod, l, with the detent-lever v'w' of thevalveengine above, and the rock-shaft x of this del tent-lever is fittedwith a weighted arm, U, (which, if deemed best, j may be replaced by aspring.) The strip of vulcanite is connected with the levers V V of thethermostat by pivots, and the levers, links, and rods are alsolconnected by pivots. rIhe levers are arranged as represented in thedrawings (or in some other equivalent mode,) so that the eXpansile stripof vulcanite is subjected to the tensile strain of the weight U, whoseforce is multiplied by the action of the levers. Consequently theeXpansile strip of vulcanite, s, is constantly under a strong tensilestrain far greater than the'force it is required to exert to move thedetent I. Moreover, as the weight U is at one end of the system ofconnections with the detent I of the valve-engine, while the expansilestrip s is at the other end of the same system, and the two operateantagonistically, all the play of the connections is` taken up, and thethermostat operates with great certainty and force. p

' The dynamic or valve engine has preferably but one revolving shaft,N', which is iitted with a 'chain-wheel, O, and two detent-arms, S S2.These arms operate in connection with the de.- tent I', each arm havinga cross-end, s, tt'ed to pass through the slot of the detent I when theslot is moved to the proper position by the action of the thermostat S.One of the detent-'arms is longer than the other, so thattheir ends areat different radial distances from the axis of the main shaft N. fConsequently when the detent is moved to a position to permit one arm,S2, to escape through the detent-slot t', Fig. 15, the face of thedetent is in position to stop. the other arm, S, when the engineshaft Nhas made half of a revolution. The chain-wheel Oreceive's the weight ofthe chain O', Figs. 1 and 2, by which the requisite power to move thevalves is supplied, and it is eXpeldient to apply a ratchet-wheel R tothe engineshaft N', with a pawl upon the engine-frame to prevent theaccidental backward movement of the engine-shaft. The engine-shaft N" isfitted with a crank,A P', whose crank-pin is connected by a rod, P, Fig.5, with the arm c of the valve rock-shaft D, whose ends are fitted torock in bearings in the heads of the standards b b. rlhe rock-shaft Dcarries the arms b2 b2, Figs. 2 and 3fromthe endsvof which the valves E,which control the waste-heat chimneys I I, are suspended, the valvesbeing vin the position of the weights.

raised to open these chimneys and .permit the heat from the lamps toescape when the heat of the incubating-chamber rises, and being droppedto close theV waste-heat chimneys I when the heat of theincubating-chamber falls below the mean temperature. lIfhe same valverock-shaft-is connected Yby an arm, b3, a rod, m', (passing through ahole in the wall of the ventilating-chimney,) and an elbow-lever, If',with the' Ventilating-valve K, so that the valve is raised or opened andis dropped or closed simultaneously withk the opening and closing of"the chimney-valves E E.

A liquid speed-'controller is employed to prevent the engine-shaftNfr'om moving with too great speed. In aprevious patent I have describedsuch a controller as made separately from the engine, but combined withit. In the present case the paddle-arms y of the paddles y of thespeedcontroller are connected directly with the engine-shaft at aboutthe center of the lengine-frame, and the trough F (shown in dotted linesin Figs. 13 and 15) of the controller is secured to the cross-bars n nof the said frame, so that the members of the liquidspeed-controller areheld in their proper y relationship by the engine-frame. The weightchainM and weights O O2 arel arranged by preference according to theHuyghens77 system, the chaim M being continuous, and being applied tothe pulleys d d of two weights, O O2, of which one, O2, is lighter thanthe other, O', by being made hollow, and the shaft of the counterchain-wheel O, Figs. 1 and 2, being fitted withk a ratchet-wheelcontrolled by a pawl, (or a pawl being iitted to operate directly uponthe chain-wheel so that the powerweight O. may be wound up (by turningthe counter chain-wheel O3) without affecting-the engine. It is alsoexpedient to connect the two weights by a chain, M2, of double thelineal weight of the main chain M', so that the strain upon the engineis not varied by changes Itjs also cX- pedient to cover the valve-enginewith a glass shade, R2, to protect it from dust.

As those portions of my above described and represented mechanism whichembrace the thermostat and associated devices have been claimed in anapplication for a patent for another division of my invention, accordingto a decision of the Commissioner of Patents, requiring a division, theyare not claimed under this division.

I claim as my invention?- 1. rlhe combination, substantially as beforeset forth, of the incubating-chamber with two lamps, both arranged atthe same end of said chamber and separated laterally, for the purposedescribed.

2. rlhe combination, substantially as before set forth, of theincubating-chamber, the heatflue, the ventilating-chimney, land theventpipe for the heat-fine, arranged to deliver into theVentilating-chimney.

3. The combination, substantially as before set forth, g oftheegg-holder, the series of roll- IOO IIO

ers thereof, and the turning device, arranged 5. rlhe Combination,substantially as before Within the Walls of the egg-holder, which insetforth, of the egg-holders arranged baek to close said rollers. baek,with a space between them, and the 4. The combination, substantially asbefore thermostat arranged between said egg-holders.

5 set forth, ofthe ineubating-chamber, the eggfitness my hand this 11thday of January, 15

holder thereof, the heat-flue arranged in the A. D. 1882.

upper part of the ineubating-ehanlber, above the egg-holder, and theheat-distributor arranged below the heat-flue, between it and the Ioegg-holder.

E. S. RENWICK. Witnesses:

W. L. BENNEM,

\VM. KELLMER.

